ABSTRACT
Objective To study the population's iodine nutritional status of Yanping area of Nanping City,Fujian Province,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).Methods According to 2014 Key Population Iodine Nutrition in Fujian Province and the Related Health Monitoring Programme,five subareas were selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in Yanping area,and one township was selected in each subarea.In addition,one subdistrict administrative office was chosen in urban area,and one neighborhood committee was selected as a monitoring site.Water iodine detection:two water samples from centralized water supply pipe were collected in selected townships and subdistrict administrative office,and arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to detect the level of water iodine.Salt iodine detection:four administrative villages were selected in each monitoring township,15 households were selected in each village,and a total of 300 households were selected;and 31 households were selected in urban area.The General Test Method for Determination of Iodine in Salt Industry (GB/T 13025.7-1999) was used to detect the level of edible salt iodine.Urinary iodine detection:①children aged 8-10 years old:one primary school was chosen in each monitoring township,30 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each primary school,and a total of 150 children (half males and half females) were selected;one primary school was chosen in monitoring urban area,and 100 children (half males and half females) aged 8 to 10 were selected;②pregnant women and nursing mothers:20 pregnant women in each monitoring village were selected,and a total of 100 pregnant women were selected;50 pregnant women and 50 nursing mothers were selected in urban area;③adults aged 18 to 45 years old:50 adults (half males and half females) were selected in urban area.Urine samples at random times during the day were collected,and Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry for Test of Urinary Iodine (WS/T 107-2006) was used to detect the level of urinary iodine.Goiter examination of children aged 8 to 10:palpation was used to examine goiter of all children.Results A total of 12 drinking water samples were collected,the levels of water iodine were all ＜ 3.5 μg/L.A total of 331 edible salt samples were collected,the median of salt iodine was 23.3 mg/kg,iodized salt coverage rate was 100.0％ (331/331),and qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 93.1％ (308/331).A total of 250 children were examined by the thyroid palpation,the rate of goiter was 0.8％ (2/250);the median of urinary iodine was 174.0 μg/L;the medians of children in rural and urban areas were 192.3 and 155.7 μg/L,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (Z =-3.582,P ＜ 0.01),and urinary iodine level of rural children was higher than that of urban children.Totally 150 pregnant women urine samples,50 nursing mothers urine samples,52 adults urine samples were collected,respectively,the medians were 143.7,116.2 and 115.6 μg/L,respectively,urinary iodine of pregnant women was lower than national standard (≥ 150 μg/L).Conclusions The population's iodine nutrition level is appropriate.At the same time,there are special people (pregnant women) at risk of iodine deficiency.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore the method for promoting drug circulation management of online pharmacies. METH-ODS:Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) was applied to identify the critical control points (CCPs) and explore the effective method for drug circulation management of online pharmacies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:According to the HAC-CP principle,four CCPs of drug circulation management of online pharmacies are supplier qualification,acceptance method,main-tenance and storage scheme and distribution system. It is suggested to adopt correct measures of drug circulation quality manage-ment of online pharmacy. Firstly,the supplier’s legal qualification should be determined and the quality of the drug should be regu-larly checked;secondly,drug retailers should improve the acceptance method of drugs and improve the sampling rate of drug;then,the three three four scientific conservation which required the medicine to be divided into three parts according to the pro-portion of 30%,30%,40% and checked monthly should be implemented to improve the storage and maintenance program;finally, the independent distribution system should be established to ensure the full process of the appearance inspection.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore management tactics of on-line pharmacy in China.METHODS:Through analyzing the challenges and opportunities faced by on-line pharmacy,some suggestions for the management of on-line pharmacy were put forward.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The management of on-line pharmacy,the first order of business is to solve the problem of its orientation and find out their competitive edges before forming strategic alliance with famous websites so as to guide consumers to on-line drug purchase.Moreover,unified management of on-line pharmacy and physical pharmacy should also be considered in its management process.